greek Lesson 22

John 2:7

λέγει αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς· γεμίσατε τὰς ὑδρίας ὕδατος. καὶ ἐγέμισαν αὐτὰς ἕως ἄνω.

• Is ὕδατος a genitive of content or a genitive of material (see the illustration in GGBB p. 90)?
• εως is here used as a preposition with ανω as its OP. cf. Matt 27:51 for the opposite expression ἕως κάτω “to the bottom”.
• The tense formative in γεμισατε is clear. Where is the augmentAugments only occur in the indicative mood.?

 

John 2:8

καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς· ἀντλήσατε νῦν καὶ φέρετε τῷ ἀρχιτρικλίνῳ· οἱ δὲ ἤνεγκαν.

• Both imperative verbs are intransitive here.  Many translations do supply an object, but it isn’t necessary.
• Note that φέρετε and ἤνεγκαν are both from φερω.
• Explain the η in αντλησατεPrinciple 12.

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John 2:9

ὡς δὲ ἐγεύσατο ὁ ἀρχιτρίκλινος τὸ ὕδωρ οἶνον γεγενημένον καὶ οὐκ ᾔδει πόθεν ἐστίν, οἱ δὲ διάκονοι ᾔδεισαν οἱ ἠντληκότες τὸ ὕδωρ, φωνεῖ τὸν νυμφίον ὁ ἀρχιτρίκλινος

• Why is a present tense verb (εστιν) used with ηδει which is past tenseThe present tense is retained here because this is indirect discourse. cf. GGBB p. 537-8?

ἠντληκότες
This participle is attributive and modifies διάκονοι.

αντλε-            stem
ηντλε                reduplication (note the vocalic redup.)
ηντλεκ               tense formative (see #9 in the list)
ηντληκ               principle 12
ηντληκοτ           participle morpheme
ηντληκοτες        case ending

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John 2:10

καὶ λέγει αὐτῷ· πᾶς ἄνθρωπος πρῶτον τὸν καλὸν οἶνον τίθησιν καὶ ὅταν μεθυσθῶσιν τὸν ἐλάσσω· σὺ τετήρηκας τὸν καλὸν οἶνον ἕως ἄρτι.

• πας ανθρωπος is singular, “Each man…” (principle 16)
• For τιθησιν
• There is an ellipsis here. ὅταν μεθυσθῶσιν τὸν καλὸν οἶνον, [τίθησιν] τὸν ἐλάσσω. The text in red is understood even though it is omitted in the text itself.
• ελασσω is in the comparative degree.
• Is καλον in predicate or attributive position? How do you knowThe adjective is articular (BBG 9.12)?

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John 2:11

Ταύτην ἐποίησεν ἀρχὴν τῶν σημείων ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἐν Κανὰ τῆς Γαλιλαίας καὶ ἐφανέρωσεν τὴν δόξαν αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐπίστευσαν εἰς αὐτὸν οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ.

• Ιησους is nominative and hence the subject. ταυτην is accusative case, but αρχην is also accusative. Which is the object of εποιησεν? Here we have a case of an object complement. Notice the questions GGBB gives on p. 184.
• If one of the two accusatives is a pronoun, it will be the DO. In this verse, ταυτην is a pronoun so it will be the DO of εποιησεν. αρχην is the object complement.

Hence, our translation will be, “Jesus did this as the first (or beginning) of His signs.”