Mark 10:1
Καὶ ἐκεῖθεν ἀναστὰς, ἔρχεται εἰς τὰ ὅρια τῆς Ἰουδαίας, καὶ πέραν τοῦ Ἰορδάνου. καὶ συμπορεύονται πάλιν ὄχλοι πρὸς αὐτόν, καὶ ὡς εἰώθει, πάλιν ἐδίδασκεν αὐτούς.
Mark 10:2
Καὶ προσελθόντες, Φαρισαῖοι ἐπηρώτων αὐτὸν εἰ ἔξεστιν ἀνδρὶ γυναῖκα ἀπολῦσαι, πειράζοντες αὐτόν.
Mark 10:3
Ὁ δὲ ἀποκριθεὶς, εἶπεν αὐτοῖς, Τί ὑμῖν ἐνετείλατο Μωϋσῆς;
Mark 10:4
Οἱ δὲ εἶπαν, Ἐπέτρεψεν Μωϋσῆς βιβλίον ἀποστασίου γράψαι, καὶ ἀπολῦσαι.
Mark 10:5
Ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν αὐτοῖς, Πρὸς τὴν σκληροκαρδίαν ὑμῶν, ἔγραψεν ὑμῖν τὴν ἐντολὴν ταύτην.
Mark 10:6
ἀπὸ, δὲ, ἀρχῆς κτίσεως, Ἄρσεν καὶ θῆλυ ἐποίησεν αὐτούς.
Mark 10:7
Ἕνεκεν τούτου, καταλείψει ἄνθρωπος τὸν πατέρα αὐτοῦ καὶ τὴν μητέρα ‹καὶ προσκολληθήσεται πρὸς τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ›,
Mark 10:8
καὶ ἔσονται οἱ δύο εἰς σάρκα μίαν. ὥστε οὐκέτι εἰσὶν δύο, ἀλλὰ μία σάρξ.
Mark 10:9
ὃ οὖν ὁ Θεὸς συνέζευξεν, ἄνθρωπος μὴ χωριζέτω.
Mark 10:10
Καὶ εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν πάλιν, οἱ μαθηταὶ περὶ τούτου ἐπηρώτων αὐτόν.
Mark 10:11
καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς, Ὃς ἂν ἀπολύσῃ τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ, καὶ γαμήσῃ ἄλλην, μοιχᾶται ἐπ’ αὐτήν.
Mark 10:12
καὶ ἐὰν αὐτὴ, ἀπολύσασα τὸν ἄνδρα αὐτῆς, γαμήσῃ ἄλλον, μοιχᾶται.
Mark 10:13
Καὶ προσέφερον αὐτῷ παιδία, ἵνα αὐτῶν ἅψηται. οἱ δὲ μαθηταὶ ἐπετίμησαν αὐτοῖς.
And they were bringing their children to Him in order that He might touch them, but the disciples condemned them.
Paraphrase: Having finished His teaching on divorce, Jesus took up the related subject of children. In light of the fact that most Jews were rather dismissive of children, Jesus set about to correct this attitude. Now parents were often bringing their children, even their new born infants (Luke 18:15), to Jesus asking Him to bless them and pray for them. Here too, parents were lined up to see Jesus. This time, however, the disciples stepped in and told the parents to go away; Jesus did not have time for children today.
Comments:
ἐπιτιμάω often has the meaning of a judge passing sentence. source
Mark 10:14
Ἰδὼν δὲ, ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἠγανάκτησεν καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς, Ἄφετε τὰ παιδία ἔρχεσθαι πρός με· μὴ κωλύετε αὐτά! τῶν γὰρ τοιούτων, ἐστὶν ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ.
but seeing, Jesus was indignant and he said to them, “Allow the children to come to Me; do not hinder them for of such is the kingdom of God.
Paraphrase: When Jesus saw what His disciples were doing, He was very angry. He immediately told them to reverse course and to allow these parents to bring their children to Him. “You should know this!” He said. “Why would you prevent these children from coming to Me when you know that children have a place in My kingdom? Why would you stand in the way of them enjoying what is rightly theirs?”
Comments:
The word τοιούτων often comes up in the infant baptism debate. Does Jesus mean to say that only those adults who have a childlike demeanor are citizens of His kingdom? In this case, τοιούτων would be translated “for the kingdom of God belongs to those who are like or similar to children.” Or is τοιούτων to be translated more like a demonstrative pronoun? i.e. “for the kingdom of God belongs to these children.” Winer says that the decision is not entirely contextual and points to the article.
The article with τοιοῦτος denotes a known person or thing, or the whole class of such, but not an undefined individual out of the class; as in that case τοιοῦτος is anarthrous.” see p138.
Here, τοιούτων is clearly articular which would lead us to translate it as a demonstrative. A review of all the different uses of this word in the NT also shows that the word is usually used with the intent to at least include the people or thing previously mentioned; see all the biblical references at the bottom of this page. Lane also argues that the dominant tendency in the NT is for τοιοῦτος to have this demonstrative meaning. Lane, Hebrews 1–8, 191.
From this, it is reasonable to argue that if children have the status of kingdom-citizens, why should they not receive the sign and seal of it?
Mark 10:15
ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν, ὃς ἂν μὴ δέξηται τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ Θεοῦ ὡς παιδίον, οὐ μὴ εἰσέλθῃ εἰς αὐτήν.
Verily I say to you, whoever does not receive the kingdom of God as a child, he shall certainly not enter into it.
Paraphrase: and let Me say something else about this. Do you see these children? Look how they flock about Me and jump into My lap. They are so happy to see Me. They have such a wonderful sincerity about them and such a perfect trust in Me. Look at this infant; how she lies so contentedly in My arms. Well now, let everyone listen carefully. Any person, young or old, who does not come to Me with this kind of childlike sincerity, will never enter My kingdom. If you come to Me so that you can advance your own place in society or to curry favor with influential people, be assured that you will be turned away at the last judgment and cast out into outer darkness.
Comments:
Mark 10:16
καὶ ἐναγκαλισάμενος, αὐτὰ κατευλόγει, τιθεὶς τὰς χεῖρας ἐπ’ αὐτά.
and taking them into His arms, He blessed them, placing His hands on them.
Paraphrase: At this rebuke, the disciples drew back in shame. Jesus, however, continued to welcome each child, embracing each one, and placing His hands on them to bless them.
Comments:
Mark 10:17
Καὶ ἐκπορευομένου αὐτοῦ εἰς ὁδὸν, προσδραμὼν εἷς καὶ γονυπετήσας αὐτὸν, ἐπηρώτα αὐτόν, Διδάσκαλε ἀγαθέ, τί ποιήσω, ἵνα ζωὴν αἰώνιον κληρονομήσω;
a
Paraphrase:
Comments:
Mark 10:18
Ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν αὐτῷ, Τί με λέγεις ἀγαθόν; οὐδεὶς ἀγαθὸς, εἰ μὴ εἷς ὁ Θεός.
Mark 10:19 τὰς ἐντολὰς οἶδας· Μὴ φονεύσῃς, Μὴ μοιχεύσῃς, Μὴ κλέψῃς, Μὴ ψευδομαρτυρήσῃς, Μὴ ἀποστερήσῃς, Τίμα τὸν πατέρα σου καὶ τὴν μητέρα.
Mark 10:20 Ὁ δὲ ἔφη αὐτῷ, Διδάσκαλε, ταῦτα πάντα ἐφυλαξάμην ἐκ νεότητός μου.
Mark 10:21 Ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς, ἐμβλέψας αὐτῷ, ἠγάπησεν αὐτὸν καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ, Ἕν σε ὑστερεῖ. ὕπαγε, ὅσα ἔχεις πώλησον, καὶ δὸς τοῖς πτωχοῖς, καὶ ἕξεις θησαυρὸν ἐν οὐρανῷ· καὶ
δεῦρο, ἀκολούθει μοι.
Mark 10:22 Ὁ δὲ στυγνάσας ἐπὶ τῷ λόγῳ, ἀπῆλθεν λυπούμενος· ἦν γὰρ ἔχων κτήματα πολλά.
Mark 10:23 Καὶ περιβλεψάμενος, ὁ Ἰησοῦς λέγει τοῖς μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦ, Πῶς δυσκόλως οἱ τὰ χρήματα ἔχοντες, εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ Θεοῦ εἰσελεύσονται!
Mark 10:24 οἱ δὲ μαθηταὶ ἐθαμβοῦντο ἐπὶ τοῖς λόγοις αὐτοῦ. ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς, πάλιν ἀποκριθεὶς, λέγει αὐτοῖς, Τέκνα, πῶς δύσκολόν ἐστιν εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ Θεοῦ εἰσελθεῖν!
Mark 10:25 εὐκοπώτερόν ἐστιν κάμηλον διὰ τῆς τρυμαλιᾶς τῆς ῥαφίδος διελθεῖν, ἢ πλούσιον εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ Θεοῦ εἰσελθεῖν.
Mark 10:26 Οἱ δὲ περισσῶς ἐξεπλήσσοντο, λέγοντες πρὸς ἑαυτούς, Καὶ τίς δύναται σωθῆναι;
Mark 10:27 Ἐμβλέψας αὐτοῖς, ὁ Ἰησοῦς λέγει, Παρὰ ἀνθρώποις ἀδύνατον, ἀλλ’ οὐ παρὰ θεῷ· πάντα γὰρ δυνατὰ παρὰ τῷ θεῷ.
Mark 10:28 Ἤρξατο λέγειν ὁ Πέτρος αὐτῷ, Ἰδοὺ, ἡμεῖς ἀφήκαμεν πάντα καὶ ἠκολουθήκαμέν σοι.
Mark 10:29 Ἔφη ὁ Ἰησοῦς, Ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν, οὐδείς ἐστιν ὃς ἀφῆκεν οἰκίαν, ἢ ἀδελφοὺς, ἢ ἀδελφὰς, ἢ μητέρα, ἢ πατέρα, ἢ τέκνα, ἢ ἀγροὺς, ἕνεκεν ἐμοῦ καὶ ἕνεκεν τοῦ
εὐαγγελίου,
Mark 10:30 ἐὰν μὴ λάβῃ ἑκατονταπλασίονα νῦν ἐν τῷ καιρῷ τούτῳ— οἰκίας καὶ ἀδελφοὺς καὶ ἀδελφὰς καὶ μητέρας καὶ τέκνα καὶ ἀγροὺς, μετὰ διωγμῶν— καὶ ἐν τῷ αἰῶνι
τῷ ἐρχομένῳ, ζωὴν αἰώνιον.
Mark 10:31 πολλοὶ δὲ ἔσονται πρῶτοι, ἔσχατοι· καὶ οἱ ἔσχατοι, πρῶτοι.
Mark 10:32 Ἦσαν δὲ ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ, ἀναβαίνοντες εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα, καὶ ἦν προάγων αὐτοὺς ὁ Ἰησοῦς, καὶ ἐθαμβοῦντο· οἱ δὲ ἀκολουθοῦντες ἐφοβοῦντο. καὶ παραλαβὼν πάλιν
τοὺς δώδεκα, ἤρξατο αὐτοῖς λέγειν τὰ μέλλοντα αὐτῷ συμβαίνειν·
Mark 10:33 ὅτι Ἰδοὺ, ἀναβαίνομεν εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα, καὶ ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου παραδοθήσεται τοῖς ἀρχιερεῦσιν καὶ τοῖς γραμματεῦσιν, καὶ κατακρινοῦσιν αὐτὸν θανάτῳ, καὶ
παραδώσουσιν αὐτὸν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν.
Mark 10:34 καὶ ἐμπαίξουσιν αὐτῷ, καὶ ἐμπτύσουσιν αὐτῷ, καὶ μαστιγώσουσιν αὐτὸν, καὶ ἀποκτενοῦσιν, καὶ μετὰ τρεῖς ἡμέρας ἀναστήσεται.
Mark 10:35
Καὶ προσπορεύονται αὐτῷ Ἰάκωβος καὶ Ἰωάννης, οἱ υἱοὶ Ζεβεδαίου, λέγοντες αὐτῷ, Διδάσκαλε, θέλομεν ἵνα ὃ ἐὰν αἰτήσωμέν σε, ποιήσῃς ἡμῖν.
and coming to Him, James and John, the sons of Zebedee, saying to Him, “Teacher, we desire that whatever we might ask you, you might do for us.”
Paraphrase: On another occasion, Jesus took the opportunity to teach the disciples again (Matthew 18:1; 23:11) what greatness looked like in His kingdom. The specific occasion which gave rise to this teaching was this. One day, the two sons of Zebedee (Mark 1:19), James and John, with Salome (Matthew 20:20), their mother (Mark 15:40; Matthew 27:56) came to Jesus to ask Jesus for a favor. “Jesus, we would like to ask you something, and we are hoping that you will give us whatever we ask from you.”
Comments:
The word εαν is sometimes used as the equivalent of αν; see p190. αν often makes words indefinite so what becomes whatever.
James and John are really asking for a blank check.
Mark 10:36
Ὁ δὲ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς, Τί θέλετε με ποιήσω ὑμῖν;
Then He said to them, “What do you want Me [that] I might do for you?
Paraphrase: “Ok,” said Jesus, “What is it?”
Comments:
We certainly expect the infinitive here – Τί θέλετέ ποιήσαι με ὑμῖν;
Mark 10:37
Οἱ δὲ εἶπαν αὐτῷ, Δὸς ἡμῖν ἵνα εἷς σου ἐκ δεξιῶν, καὶ εἷς ἐξ ἀριστερῶν, καθίσωμεν ἐν τῇ δόξῃ σου.
But they said to Him, “Give to us so that one at your right and one at your left, we might sit in Your glory.
Paraphrase: “We would like You to promise us that, when You assume the kingship, You will assign one of us to Your right hand and the other to Your left. (1 Kings 2:19; Psalms 45:9; 110:1; Acts 7:55; Romans 8:34) We believe that these highest positions of power and dignity would be best managed by the two of us. Then we too will share in Your glory.”
Comments:
Perhaps James and John have Jesus’ teaching in Luke 19:11 in mind as well as Matthew 19:28 and Luke 22:30. Abbott (left column, p48): In Josephus, Jonathan is represented as sitting at Saul’s right hand and Abner at his left. In the Rabbinical books God is represented with the Messiah on his right and Abraham on his left.
Mark 10:38
Ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν αὐτοῖς, Οὐκ οἴδατε τί αἰτεῖσθε. δύνασθε πιεῖν τὸ ποτήριον ὃ ἐγὼ πίνω, ἢ τὸ βάπτισμα ὃ ἐγὼ βαπτίζομαι, βαπτισθῆναι;
Then Jesus said to them, “You do not know what you are asking. Are you able to drink the cup which I drink or to be baptized the baptism which I am baptized?”
Paraphrase: Jesus looked at them with pity. “You have no idea what you are saying. You don’t even comprehend the request you are making. Do you really think you are able to drink the cup which My Father has given to Me? Or do you think that you can come under the baptism which I am about to receive?
Comments:
The baptism here is not a purification (Hebrews 9:10), or a dipping (Romans 6:4), but a being overwhelmed; see bottom of p9 for examples of this usage.
Mark 10:39
Οἱ δὲ εἶπαν αὐτῷ, Δυνάμεθα. Ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν αὐτοῖς, Τὸ ποτήριον ὃ ἐγὼ πίνω, πίεσθε· καὶ τὸ βάπτισμα ὃ ἐγὼ βαπτίζομαι, βαπτισθήσεσθε·
But they said to Him, “We are able.” Then Jesus said to them, “The cup which I drink, you will drink and the baptism which I am baptized, you will be baptized.”
Paraphrase: “Yes, we are able to do these things.” they replied. “Well then,” said Jesus, “Even though neither of you really understand the things for which you are asking, I will grant what you ask. Yes, I promise that you will drink something of My cup and that you will come under something of the baptism which I receive.
Comments:
Mark 10:40
τὸ δὲ καθίσαι ἐκ δεξιῶν μου ἢ ἐξ εὐωνύμων, οὐκ ἔστιν ἐμὸν δοῦναι, ἀλλ’ οἷς ἡτοίμασται.
But to sit at My right or My left is not Mine to give but for whom it is prepared.
Paraphrase: “To sit at My right or left, however, is not something I can give you. My Father has reserved these places for others. (Matthew 18:4)
Comments:
On the concept of preparing, see (Exodus 23:20; Matthew 25:34; 1 Corinthians 2:9; Hebrews 11:16).
Mark 10:41
Καὶ ἀκούσαντες, οἱ δέκα ἤρξαντο ἀγανακτεῖν περὶ Ἰακώβου καὶ Ἰωάννου.
and hearing, the twelve began to be indignant with James and John.
Paraphrase: When word got out about the request James and John had made, the other disciples were angry. They resented the fact that these brothers had specifically asked for the leading role in Jesus’ kingdom. They saw no reason why these two brothers should be preferred over themselves.
Comments:
Plummer writes (p249): We do not, however, read of the nine being indignant when Christ gave special honor to Peter, James, and John. It was the brothers’ asking for special favor which gave offence.
Mark 10:42
καὶ προσκαλεσάμενος αὐτοὺς, ὁ Ἰησοῦς λέγει αὐτοῖς, Οἴδατε ὅτι οἱ δοκοῦντες ἄρχειν τῶν ἐθνῶν κατακυριεύουσιν αὐτῶν· καὶ οἱ μεγάλοι αὐτῶν κατεξουσιάζουσιν
αὐτῶν.
and calling them, Jesus said to them, “You know that those thinking to rule over the gentiles subjugate them, and the great of them exercise authority over them.”
Paraphrase: Jesus noticed the rising tension amongst His disciples. “Listen,” He said, “Gather around; I have something to explain to you. You know that the Romans prize power more than anything. They love to have control; they love to order others around. As soon as they are able, they send in their legions to force people into submission. The more power anyone of them has, the greater he is esteemed by all the people.
Comments:
Mark 10:43
οὐχ οὕτως δέ ἐστιν ἐν ὑμῖν. ἀλλ’, ὃς ἂν θέλῃ μέγας γενέσθαι ἐν ὑμῖν, ἔσται ὑμῶν διάκονος·
But not in this way, it is among you, but whoever might desire to become great, he will be your servant.
Paraphrase: This, however, is not the way things work in My kingdom. In fact, the very reverse is true. The person whose ambition it is to be great in My kingdom, should aim to be everyone’s servant. This is the way to obtain real greatness and status in the kingdom of God.
Comments:
Mark 10:44
καὶ ὃς ἂν θέλῃ ἐν ὑμῖν εἶναι πρῶτος, ἔσται πάντων δοῦλος.
and whoever might desire to be first among you, he will be the slave of all.
Paraphrase: That person who wants to have the highest position will learn to be the slave of everyone else.
Comments:
For ἔσται, see BBG 19.24.
Mark 10:45
καὶ γὰρ ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου οὐκ ἦλθεν διακονηθῆναι, ἀλλὰ διακονῆσαι, καὶ δοῦναι τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ λύτρον ἀντὶ πολλῶν.
For even the Son of Man came not to be served but to serve and to give His Life a ransom for many.
Paraphrase: Learn from My example. I did not come to this earth to sit on a magnificent throne and to have a small army of servants waiting on Me. On the contrary, I came to this earth on a mission from My Father (John 6:37-40); He gave Me a mandate to set His people free. To do this, I had to agree to give My life (Matthew 20:28) as the price (1 Corinthians 6:20; 7:23) to be paid for the release and freedom of all those whom My Father has given to Me. (John 6:39; 10:29; 17:9, 12, 24; 18:9)
Comments:
See Deissman’s comment (p322-341) on slavery and its use in the New Testament. He writes (p331) “when anybody heard the Greek word λύτρον ransom, in the first century, it was natural for him to think of the purchase-money for manumitting slaves.” He continues giving several examples saying (p333) that Paul “could not have found a more popular illustration of the past and present work of the Lord.” On slavery, see Dollinger. (p273)
Mark 10:46
Καὶ ἔρχονται εἰς Ἰεριχώ. Καὶ ἐκπορευομένου αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ Ἰεριχὼ— καὶ τῶν μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ, καὶ ὄχλου ἱκανοῦ— ὁ υἱὸς Τιμαίου, Βαρτιμαῖος, τυφλὸς προσαίτης,
ἐκάθητο παρὰ τὴν ὁδόν.
Mark 10:47
καὶ ἀκούσας ὅτι Ἰησοῦς ὁ Ναζαρηνός ἐστιν, ἤρξατο κράζειν καὶ λέγειν, Υἱὲ Δαυὶδ, Ἰησοῦ, ἐλέησόν με.
Mark 10:48
Καὶ ἐπετίμων αὐτῷ πολλοὶ ἵνα σιωπήσῃ· ὁ δὲ πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἔκραζεν, Υἱὲ Δαυίδ, ἐλέησόν με.
Mark 10:49
Καὶ στὰς, ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν Φωνήσατε αὐτόν. Καὶ φωνοῦσιν τὸν τυφλὸν, λέγοντες αὐτῷ, Θάρσει! ἔγειρε! φωνεῖ σε.
Mark 10:50
Ὁ δὲ ἀποβαλὼν τὸ ἱμάτιον αὐτοῦ, ἀναπηδήσας, ἦλθεν πρὸς τὸν Ἰησοῦν.
Mark 10:51
Καὶ ἀποκριθεὶς αὐτῷ, ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν, Τί σοι θέλεις ποιήσω; Ὁ δὲ τυφλὸς εἶπεν αὐτῷ, Ραββουνι, ἵνα ἀναβλέψω.
Mark 10:52
Καὶ ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν αὐτῷ, Ὕπαγε, ἡ πίστις σου σέσωκέν σε. καὶ εὐθὺς ἀνέβλεψεν, καὶ ἠκολούθει αὐτῷ ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ.