Greek I; lesson 11

John 1:20

καὶ ὡμολόγησεν καὶ οὐκ ἠρνήσατο,

ὡμολόγησεν
Note the -εν ending on ωμολογησεν which is a great help in parsingWhen a verb ends in -εν it is third singular; when it ends in -αν it is third plural..

ομολογε-          stem
ωμολογε             add the augment
ωμολογεσε           add the tense formative
ωμολογησε           principle 12
ωμολογησεν          add a movable nu

ηρνησατο:

αρνε-           stem
ηρνε              add the augment
ηρνεσα             add the tense formative
ηρνησα              principle 12
ηρνησατο             add the verb ending

.

καὶ ὡμολόγησεν ὅτι ἐγὼ ούκ εἰμὶ ὁ χριστός.

ὅτι ἐγὼ ούκ εἰμὶ ὁ χριστός is a clause that is functioning as a noun. It is the DO of the verb ωμολογησεν.
How does principle 2 applyThe subject of ωμολογησεν is not explicit; it is implied. The subject of ειμι, however, is explicit.?
What case is χριστόςnominative? What is its functionpredicate nominative? Is it a DOIt cannot be a DO because there is no action verb. ειμι is a linking verb.?
Note that oτι is a DMW and is often used to introduce direct discourse. In this case, it is simply translated with quotation marks.
 

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John 1:21

καὶ ἠρώτησαν αὐτόν· τί οὖν;

ηρωτησαν:

ερωτα-         stem
ηρωτα           augment
ηρωτασα         tense formative
ηρωτησα          principle 12
ηρωτησαν          verb ending

 
τί οὖν;
notice the question mark (BBG 4.1).
τι is an interrogative pronoun. What caseSimply by its spelling, it could be nominative or accusative. It is clearly nominative here because it is the subject of the implied verb 'are'? numbersingular? genderneuter? How does this differ from the indefinite pronounThe indefinite pronoun has no accent marks.?
 

σὺ Ἠλίας εἶ; καὶ λέγει· οὐκ εἰμί. ὁ προφήτης εἶ σύ; καὶ ἀπεκρίθη· οὔ.

Without looking at the spelling, what case must ηλιας beSince its function is predicate nominative, it must be in the nominative case.? What kind of verb is ειa linking verb? What kind of sentences are theseinterrogative?
 
απεκριθη:

κριν-          stem
αποκριν          preposition + stem = compound verb
απεκριν            add the augment
απεκρινθη         add the tense formative
απεκριθη             the ν in κρινω falls off before the tense formative
απεκριθη              add the verb ending

 

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John 1:22

εἶπαν οὖν αὐτῷ· τίς εἶ; ἵνα ἀπόκρισιν δῶμεν τοῖς πέμψασιν ἡμᾶς·

The lexical form of δωμεν is διδωμι.
Suppose you forgot how to parse αποκρισιν. You can tell from the context that this is likely the DO of δωμεν. How does that help you determine its caseAn object will always be in the accusative case.?
 
πεμψασιν:

πεμπ-         stem
πεμπσα          add the tense formative
πεμπσαντ         add the participle morpheme
πεμψαντ              square of stops
πεμψαντσι            add the third declension case ending
πεμψασι                 the ντ drops out (BBG p. 260)
πεμψασιν                  add a movable nu

Translating πεμψασιν:
πεμψασιν is a verbal, not a verb. There are two kinds of verbals in Greek, participles and infinitives. This is clearly a participle. It is also articular and hence must be adjectival. An adjectival participle can be attributive or substantival.  This one is substantival since this participle is clearly the indirect object (hence the dative case) of the verb δωμεν. To translate πεμψασιν, use a dependent clause with “who” or “which” as your DMW. “…so that we might give an answer to those who sent us.”

The subject of the above sentence is an understood “we”.
The verb is δωμεν with αποκρισιν as its DO and πεμψασιν as its IO.
ημας is the object of the participle πεμψασιν.

 

τί λέγεις περὶ σεαυτοῦ;.

How do you know τι here is an interrogative pronounbecause interrogative pronouns have an accent; indefinite pronouns do not.?
What is a reflexive pronounA reflexive pronoun is a pronoun that refers back to the subject of the sentence.? σεαυτου is a second person reflexive pronoun.