Greek I; lesson 15

John 1:32

Καὶ ἐμαρτύρησεν Ἰωάννης λέγων

ἐμαρτύρησεν
Be able to identify and explain all these parts of εμαρτυρησεν εaugment μαρτυρstem σεtense formative νmovable nu  
Ἰωάννης
What case is ΙωαννηςSince it is the subject of μαρτυρησεν, it must be in the nominative case.?
 

ὅτι τεθέαμαι τὸ πνεῦμα καταβαῖνον ὡς περιστερὰν ἐξ οὐρανοῦ καὶ ἔμεινεν ἐπ᾽ αὐτόν.

οτι often introduces direct discourse in which case it is translated with quotation marks (know the difference between direct and indirect discourse).
τεθέαμαι
τεθεαμαι is deponent. Notice the reduplication. Why the tauIf the verb begins with φ, χ, or θ then the reduplicated consonant will change to π, κ, or τ respectively (BBG 25.8).?
 
καταβαῖνον
καταβαινον is a participle modifying πνευμα. It is anarthrous but still adjectival. Here it is an attributive participle which means you will translate it with a relative clause. Here is the evolution (BBG 27.3):

βαιν-                  stem
καταβαιν-               compound verb stem
καταβαινo                 add the connecting vowel
καταβαινοντ                add the participle morpheme
καταβαινoν                   the τ drops off (as per noun rule #8)
καταβαινον                      add the case ending (there isn’t one in this case)

 
ἔμεινεν
ἔμεινεν is a liquid verb. Here is the evolution:

μεν-             present stem
μειν-               aorist stem (see MBG p. 266, footnote #12)
εμειν-                add the augment
εμεινε                 add the tense formativeNote the difference between the tense formative for liquid aorists and regular aorists..
εμιενε                   add the verb endingThe third singular has no verb ending..
εμεινεν                  add a movable nu.

 

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John 1:33

κἀγὼ οὐκ ᾔδειν αὐτόν, ἀλλ᾽ ὁ πέμψας με βαπτίζειν ἐν ὕδατι ἐκεῖνός μοι εἶπεν·

ηδειν is from οιδα. αλλα is always a strong adversative conjunction.
 
πέμψας
πεμψας is articular; and therefore, adjectival. Here it is clearly a substantival participle. What happened to the sigma of the tense formativeCheck the square of stops for the answer.?
 
βαπτίζειν
What usage of the infinitive do we see in βαπτιζεινβαπτιζειν is adverbial in function and is answering the why? question.?
With what (or in what) were they baptized? ἐν ὕδατι υδατι is dative; cf. MBG 199; n-3c(6b).
εκεινος is in apposition to ο πεμπψας με βαπτιζειν εν υδατι. Notice the agreement in case between πεμψας and εκεινος (principle 38). εκεινος is the subject of ειπεν.
 

ἐφ᾽ ὃν ἂν ἴδῃς τὸ πνεῦμα καταβαῖνον καὶ μένον ἐπ᾽ αὐτόν, οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ βαπτίζων ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ.

This line is the DO of the verb ειπεν. It is direct discourse, so use quotation marks.
εφ is from επι. Why the changed spellingεπι becomes εφ when the next word begins with a vowel.?
The αν causes our translation of ον to change from “whom” to “whomever”.
 
ιδης
The lexical form is οραω. Why no augmentAugments only occur in the indicative mood.? What would the verb ending be if it were not subjunctive-εις.? You should be able to determine the person, number, and voice from the verb endingIt is second person, singular.. What is the subjectThe subject is an implied 'you'.? objectπνεῦμα?
 
καταβαινον and μενον
καταβαινον and μενον are two attributive participles (even though they are anarthrous). Translate them using -ing words: “…descending and remaining…”.
Note that εστιν is a linking verb. The entire phrase that follows is the PN. βαπτιζων is articular and a substantival participle. Since it is a substantive, we expect it to be performing one of the noun functions. The evolution of καταβαινον is given above; here is μενον (BBG 27.3):

μεν-          stem
μενο            add the connecting vowel
μενοντ            add the participle morpheme
μενον               the τ drops off (as per noun rule #8)
μενον                add the case ending (there isn’t one in this case)

 
 

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John 1:34

κἀγὼ ἑώρακα καὶ μεμαρτύρηκα ὅτι οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ.

εωρακα is an unusual form but do note the more obvious parsing clues. The most obvious is the tense formative. What does it indicateIt marks this verb as a perfect tense, active voice verb.?

ἑώρακα is from ὁράω

ἑώρα-      stem (this is not entirely correct; if you must know, see MBG 27.2)
ἑώρακα      add the tense formative
ἑώρακα         add the verb ending (there is none in the first person)

μεμαρτυρηκα is much more regular.

μαρτυρε-            stem
μεμαρτυρε               reduplication
μεμαρτυρεκα             add the tense formative
μεμαρτυρηκα              principle 12
μεμαρτυρηκα                add the verb ending (there is none in the first person)

What is the DO of εωρακα and μεμαρτυρηκαὅτι οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ?