Greek I; lesson 16

John 1:35

Τῇ ἐπαύριον πάλιν εἱστήκει ὁ Ἰωάννης καὶ ἐκ τῶν μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ δύο

Τῇ ἐπαύριον: “on the next day…”; a dative of time.
ειστηκει is one of the μι verbs.  It is an instance of the pluperfect tense which here you can treat as a simple past tense (cf. GGBB p. 586).
 
καὶ ἐκ τῶν μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ δύο
The prepositional phrase ἐκ τῶν μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ is modifying δύο; “…and two of His…”  δυο is functioning here as the subject of εἱστήκει along with Ἰωάννης.  If you’re wondering why εἱστήκει is not plural, you can consult GGBB p. 401 §C.
 

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John 1:36

καὶ ἐμβλέψας τῷ Ἰησοῦ περιπατοῦντι λέγει· ἴδε ὁ ἀμνὸς τοῦ θεοῦ.

Notice the dative noun (Ἰησοῦ) functioning as DO. Some verbs take their object in the dative case (GGBB p. 171).
Here is the evolution of ἐμβλέψας:

ἐμβλέπ-           stem
ἐμβλέπσα           aorist tense formative
ἐμβλέψα               square of stops
ἐμβλέψαντ             participle morpheme
ἐμβλέψαντς             case ending
ἐμβλέψας                 the ντ elides; see BBG 28.7.

ἐμβλέψας is anarthrous. It is an adverbial participle. In light of its tense, how should it be translatedUse a dependent clause with 'after' as the DMW.? cf. BBG 28.4
What verb is it modifyingἐμβλέψας modifies λεγει.? Recall as well that every participle, even adverbial participles, are still verbal adjectives. This means that it will also be modifying some noun. What noun does it modifyἐμβλέψας modifies the implied subject of λεγει.?
 
Here is the evolution of περιπατουντι:

περιπατε-         stem
περιπατεo          connecting vowel
περιπατεοντ         participle morpheme
περιπατουντ           contraction
περιπατουντι            case ending

περιπατουντι is anarthrous; but still attributive. You should translate it with a dependent clause, “and after seeing Jesus, who was walking…”.
What kind of genitive is θεου (GGBB p. 72)?
 

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John 1:37

καὶ ἤκουσαν οἱ δύο μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ λαλοῦντος καὶ ἠκολούθησαν τῷ Ἰησοῦ.

How does principle 47 apply to this verseThe verb ηκουσαν has its object (αυτου) in the genitive case.?
What case is λαλουντοςgenitive, masculine, singular? What noun is it modifying (principle 7)αυτου? What kind of participleattributive? What is the DO of ηκολουθησανἸησοῦ? What case is the object of ηκολουθησαν (principle 47)dative case?
ηκολουθησαν

ακολουθε-         stem
ηκολουθε           augment
ηκολουθεσα         tense formative
ηκολουθησα           principle 12
ηκολουθησαν            verb ending

 

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John 1:38

στραφεὶς δὲ ὁ Ἰησοῦς καὶ θεασάμενος αὐτοὺς ἀκολουθοῦντας λέγει αὐτοῖς· τί ζητεῖτε;

Notice the circumflex on ζητειτε. It indicates a contraction. Here, ζητε + ετε. When the two epsilons come together, they contract into ει.
στραφεὶς

στρεφ-        present tense stem

στραφ-        aorist tense stem (see MBG p. 258)

στραφε           connecting vowel
στραφεντ          participle morpheme
στραφεντς          case ending
στραφες               the ντ elides; BBG 28.7
στραφεις               compensatory lengthening; noun rule #5

θεασάμενος

θεα-        stem
θεασα          tense formative
θεασαμενo         participle morpheme
θεασαμενoς        case ending

ἀκολουθοῦντας

ἀκολουθε-        stem
ἀκολουθεo           connecting vowel
ἀκολουθεoντ          participle morpheme
ἀκολουθουντ            contraction
ἀκολουθουντας           case ending

ακολουθουντας agrees with αυτους. (principle 7).
 

οἱ δὲ εἶπαν αὐτῷ· ῥαββί, ὃ λέγεται μεθερμηνευόμενον διδάσκαλε, ποῦ μένεις;

ῥαββί is vocative.
μεθερμηνευόμενον

μεθερμηνευ-          stem
μεθερμηνευo          connecting vowel
μεθερμηνευoμενο         participle morpheme
μεθερμηνευoμενον         case ending

Simply by its spelling, μεθερμηνευομενον could be either accusative or nominative. Why must it be nominative in this sentencebecause it modifies the relative pronoun ὃ?