Greek I; Lesson 8

John 1:16

ὅτι ἐκ τοῦ πληρώματος αὐτοῦ ἡμεῖς πάντες ἐλάβομεν καὶ χάριν ἀντὶ χάριτος·

πληρώματος: If you don’t recognize the form, what else can you use to help parse this wordThe article which is easily parsed if you have memorized the article paradigm.?
ελαβομεν

λαμβαν-        present stem (see these different stems in MBG p. 306)
λαβ-               aorist stem
ελαβ               add the augment
ελαβo              add the connecting vowel
ελαβoμεν           add the verb ending

χάριν ἀντὶ χάριτος
Why is χάριν accusative casebecause it is the object of ἐλάβομεν?
Note the prepositional phrase αντι χάριτος. grace in place of grace which means grace on top of grace or super-abounding grace.
 

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John 1:17

ὅτι ὁ νόμος διὰ Μωϋσέως ἐδόθη, ἡ χάρις καὶ ἡ ἀλήθεια διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐγένετο.

οτι is a conjunction that usually means either “that…” or “because…”.  Here it is likely the latter.
Let’s take εδοθη (from διδωμι) apart:

The subject of εδοθη is clearly the nominative νομος.
 
δια μωυσεως
The prepositional phrase δια μωυσεως is an adverbial prepositional phrase modifying εδοθη.
 
ἡ χάρις καὶ ἡ ἀλήθεια διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐγένετο.
What is a compound subjectTwo subjects governing one verb.? Is there one in this verseYes, χάρις and ἀλήθεια are both governing ἐγένετο?
What declension is χαριςIt is third declension. MBG gives it the code n-3c(1). The 3 in that code indicates that this noun is third declension.? What declension is αληθειαIt is first declension. MBG gives it the code n-1a. The 1 in that code indicates first declension.?
How does ἀλήθεια here differ from ἀληθείᾳ in Matt. 22:16Note the iota subscript. That means dative, singular. The ἀλήθεια in John 1:17 is nominative, singular (note the article!).?