Greek I; Lesson 23

John 2:12

Μετὰ τοῦτο κατέβη εἰς Καφαρναοὺμ αὐτὸς καὶ ἡ μήτηρ αὐτοῦ καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτοῦ καὶ οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐκεῖ ἔμειναν οὐ πολλὰς ἡμέρας.

Notice that αυτος is nominative which means it refers back to the subject of κατεβη.
The present stem of κατεβη is καταβαιν-. The aorist stem is κατεβη-.  The change in stem means second aorist.

καταβαιν-         present tense stem
καταβη–              aorist tense stem
κατεβη                 augment
κατεβη                  no verb ending in third singular

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John 2:13

Καὶ ἐγγὺς ἦν τὸ πάσχα τῶν Ἰουδαίων, καὶ ἀνέβη εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα ὁ Ἰησοῦς.

• The subject of ην is πασχα.
• What adverbial question does εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα answerThe where? question.?

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John 2:14

Καὶ εὗρεν ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ τοὺς πωλοῦντας βόας καὶ πρόβατα καὶ περιστερὰς καὶ τοὺς κερματιστὰς καθημένους,

• πωλοῦντας is articular and therefore adjectival. It is substantival functioning as the DO of ευρεν.
• βοας, προβατα, περιστερὰς, and κερματιστὰς are accusative and the objects of πωλουντας.
• καθημένους is an attributive participle modifying κερματιστὰς (principle 7).

καθημένους

καθη-          stem
καθημενο        participle morpheme
καθημενους        case ending

πωλοῦντας

πωλε-           stem
πωλεo            connecting vowel
πωλεoντ          participle morpheme
πωλουντ            contraction
πωλουντας          case ending

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John 2:15

καὶ ποιήσας φραγέλλιον ἐκ σχοινίων πάντας ἐξέβαλεν ἐκ τοῦ ἱεροῦ τά τε πρόβατα καὶ τοὺς βόας, καὶ τῶν κολλυβιστῶν ἐξέχεεν τὸ κέρμα καὶ τὰς τραπέζας ἀνέτρεψεν,

While ποιήσας might be an adverbial participle, it could also be a participle of attendant circumstance (GGBB p. 640). This is the first time you’ve seen this use of the participle. These are common in narrative literature. Be able to recognize the main clues of such. A participle of attendant circumstance is translated just like a regular verb. “and He made a whip…”
ἐξέχεεν

χε-          stem
εκχε          stem of compound verb (with the preposition εκ)
εκεχε           augment
εξεχε             kappa of εκ becomes ξ (BBG p. 61; footnote #8)
εξεχεε            add the tense formative (for this verb, the sigma is absent; MBG p. 256; footnote #13) no contraction takes place
εξεχεεν            movable nu

ἀνέτρεψεν

τρεπ-            stem
ανατρεπ-       stem of compound verb
ανετρεπ-         augment
ανετρεπσε          tense formative
ανετρεψε             square of stops
ανετρεψεν              movable nu.

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John 2:16

καὶ τοῖς τὰς περιστερὰς πωλοῦσιν εἶπεν· ἄρατε ταῦτα ἐντεῦθεν, μὴ ποιεῖτε τὸν οἶκον τοῦ πατρός μου οἶκον ἐμπορίου.

τοῖς τὰς περιστερὰς πωλοῦσιν

• τοῖς belongs with πωλοῦσιν and hence, an articular participle.
• περιστερὰς is the object of πωλοῦσιν.
• τοῖς τὰς περιστερὰς πωλοῦσιν – “to those who were selling doves…” or “to the dove merchants…”

ἄρατε ταῦτα ἐντεῦθεν

• In ἄρατε ταῦτα ἐντεῦθεν, you will need to supply a pronoun for the demonstrative.
•  What part of speech is ἐντεῦθενadverb? What adverbial question is it answeringwhere??

μὴ ποιεῖτε τὸν οἶκον τοῦ πατρός μου οἶκον ἐμπορίου.

•  μη is an adverb modifying ποιετε. Why μη (principle 22)?
• The first οικον is the DO of ποιετε. The second οικον is an object complement.