Greek:
See principle 26.
Hebrew:
There are a number of different ways that Hebrew marks a sentence as interrogative. The most common is the interrogative marker (not to be confused with the article). It looks like this:
-הֲ
This is prefixed to a noun and nearly always appears at the beginning of a clause to indicate that the clause is a question and not a statement. Other ways of marking a question are given below.
Parsing Hebrew Gloss noun סוּס horse noun + article הַסּוּס the horse noun + interrogative prefix הֲסוּס a horse?
-הֲ on a noun where the first letter has a sheva for its vowel Parsing Hebrew Gloss noun מְרַגֵּל spy noun + article הַמְּרַגֵּל the spy noun + interrogative prefix הַמְרַגֵּל a spy?
-הֲ on a noun where the first letter is a guttural Parsing Hebrew Gloss noun אִישׁ man noun + article הָאִישׁ the man noun + interrogative prefix הַאִישׁ a man?
-הֲ on a noun where the first letter is a guttural and has a qamats for its vowel Parsing Hebrew Gloss noun אָב father noun + article הָאָב the father noun + interrogative particle הֶאָב a father?
הֲיֵשׁ לָכֶם אָח הַאַתָּה יוֹאָב [quest.]-is-there to-you brother [quest.]-are-you Joab Do you have a brother? Are you Joab?
מִי is the standard personal interrogative particle, “personal” because it is used to refer to persons, not objects. It is generally translated with “who…?”. מִי־הָאִישׁ הַלָּזֶה מִי־כָמֹכָה בָּאֵלִם יְהוָה לְמִי־אַתָּה Who_the-man the-that Who_like-you among-the-gods Yahweh To-whom_you Who is that man? Who is like you, Yahweh, among the gods? To whom do you belong?
מָה is the standard impersonal interrogative particle, “impersonal” because it is used to refer to objects, not persons. It is generally translated as “what?”. מַה־פִּשְׁעִי מָה אַתֶּם עֹשִׂים בַּמָּה אֵדַע כַּמָּה יְמֵי שְׁנֵי חַיֶּיךָ What_my-iniquity What you are-doing By-the-what will-I-know Like-what days-of years-of your-life What is my iniquity? What are you doing? How will I know? How long have you lived?
מָה used in conjunction with certain prepositions and a conjunction. עַד־מָה יְהוָה תֶּאֱנַף לָנֶצַח עַל־מָה הִכִּיתָ אֶת־אֲתֹנְךָ וּמַה־נִּצְטַדָּק Until_what Yahweh will-you-be-angry forever On_what did-you-strike [dir.obj]_your-donkey and-what we-will-justify-ourselves How long, Yahweh? Will you stay angry forever? Why have you struck your donkey? or how can we justify ourselves?
איך and איכה are adverbs which show manner (cf. adverbial questions) and are often translated as “how?”, “why?”, or even “how!”. אֵ֗יךְ נָשִׁ֥יר אֵ֗יךְ נָשִׁ֥יר אֵ֚יךְ אַתֶּ֣ם נֽוֹעָצִ֔ים How will-we-sing How can-we-sing How you advise How could we sing? How could we sing? How do you advise me
אי and איה are adverbs which show place (cf. adverbial questions) and can be translated as “where?” or “where is?”. אֵי הֶבֶל אַיֵּה שָׂרָה אִשְׁתֶּךָ אַיֵּה הָאֲנָשִׁים אֲשֶׁר־בָּאוּ אֵלֶיךָ Where Abel Where Sarah your-wife Where the-men that_came-in to-you Where is Abel? Where is Sarah your wife? Where are the men that came in to you?
מָתַי is an adverb showing time (cf. adverbial questions) and can be translated as “when?”. It is often used with the preposition עַד in the compound particle עַד־מָתַי which literally means “until when?” but is usually translated “how long?”. מָתַי אָקוּם עַד־מָתַי אֱלֹהִים יְחָרֶף צָר When will-I-get-up How_long God will-throw-insults enemy How long will it be until I get up? God, how long will our enemies make fun of you?
לָמָה and לָמָּה are adverbs showing cause (cf adverbial questions) and literally mean “for what?”, but they are usually translated as “why?”. לָ֚מָּה חָ֣רָה לָ֔ךְ וְלָ֖מָּה נָפְל֥וּ פָנֶֽיךָ לָמָ֪ה שְׁכַ֫חְתָּ֥נִי לָֽמָּה־קֹדֵ֥ר אֵלֵ֗ךְ בְּלַ֣חַץ אוֹיֵֽב׃ For-what you-angry to-you and-for-what has-fallen your-face Why have-you-forgotten-me why mourning I-will-go because-of-oppression-of enemy Why are you angry and why are you scowling? Why have you forgotten me? You know the hardships that my enemies bring on me.
מַדּוּעַ (why?) מַדּוּעַ אֲדֹנִי בֹכֶה עַד־אָן תְּמַלֶּל־אֵלֶּה לַאֲנָשִׁים אֲשֶׁר לֹא יָדַעְתִּי אֵי מִזֶּה הֵמָּה׃ Why my-master is-weeping How_long will-you-say_these-things to-men who not I-know where from this they. Sir, why are you crying? How much longer will you talk like this? to men who come from I do not know where?