In English, the articles are: a, an, the. “a” and “an” are indefinite, and “the” is definite. Articles usually function as adjectives.
Greek:
The article has case, number, and gender. The article always agrees with the noun that it modifies in case, number, and gender (principle 7). The article differs only slightly from the relative pronoun (BBG 14.7).
|
masculine |
feminine |
neuter |
|
|
nominative singular |
ὁ |
ἡ |
τό |
|
genitive singular |
τοῦ |
τῆς |
τοῦ |
|
dative singular |
τῷ |
τῇ |
τῷ |
|
accusative singular |
τόν |
τήν |
τό |
|
nominative plural |
οἱ |
αἱ |
τά |
|
genitive plural |
τῶν |
τῶν |
τῶν |
|
dative plural |
τοῖς |
ταῖς |
τοῖς |
|
accusative plural |
τούς |
τάς |
τά |
See principles 15, 18, 24, 28. Also, “ο δε” means “but he.”
Hebrew:
The article in Hebrew is a ה prefixed to the front of a noun. Typically, the ה will be followed by a patah with a dagesh in the following letter; see here or this video. Sometimes syncope occurs.
הַשָּׁמַיִם
If the next letter is a guttural (gutturals will never take a dagesh), the patah will lengthen to a qamats.
הָאָרֶץ