In Greek, verbs with an augment are translated into past tense verbs. In most cases, an augment is just an epsilon prefix (just like English past tense verbs have -ed as a suffix).
λυω = I loose (present tense) ελυσα = I loosed (aorist tense)
The imperfect and aorist tenses (both past tense verbs) have the augment. BBG 21.10
There are four ways verbs take an augment:
- The normal, expected way is if the verb begins with a consonant, then the augment is an epsilon prefix as above.
- If the verb begins with a single vowel, the augment is formed by lengthening that vowel (α to η, ε to η, ο to ω).
- If the verb begins with a dipthong, either the first letter of the dipthong lengthens (ευχαριστεω ηυχαριστουν), or the dipthong is not changed at all (ευρισκω ευρισκον).
- In compound verbs, the augment will slide in directly between the preposition and the verb (καταλαμβανω to κατελαβεν).
Augments only occur in the indicative (principle 13).
Hebrew:
In KHW, they use the term “unaugmented” or “augmented” in the sense of “unaltered” or “changed”; e.g. the 3ms QTL in the the is unaugmented meaning it has no prefixes or suffixes added to it.