Matthew 28:1
Ὀψὲ δὲ σαββάτων, τῇ ἐπιφωσκούσῃ εἰς μίαν σαββάτων, ἦλθεν Μαριὰμ ἡ Μαγδαληνὴ καὶ ἡ ἄλλη Μαρία θεωρῆσαι τὸν τάφον.
Matthew 28:2
καὶ ἰδοὺ σεισμὸς ἐγένετο μέγας· ἄγγελος γὰρ κυρίου καταβὰς ἐξ οὐρανοῦ καὶ προσελθὼν ἀπεκύλισε τὸν λίθον καὶ ἐκάθητο ἐπάνω αὐτοῦ.
Matthew 28:3 ἦν δὲ ἡ εἰδέα αὐτοῦ ὡς ἀστραπὴ καὶ τὸ ἔνδυμα αὐτοῦ λευκὸν ὡς χιών.
Matthew 28:4 ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ φόβου αὐτοῦ ἐσείσθησαν οἱ τηροῦντες καὶ ἐγενήθησαν ὡς νεκροί.
Matthew 28:5 ἀποκριθεὶς δὲ ὁ ἄγγελος εἶπεν ταῖς γυναιξίν· Μὴ φοβεῖσθε ὑμεῖς, οἶδα γὰρ ὅτι Ἰησοῦν τὸν ἐσταυρωμένον ζητεῖτε·
Matthew 28:6 οὐκ ἔστιν ὧδε, ἠγέρθη γὰρ καθὼς εἶπεν· δεῦτε ἴδετε τὸν τόπον ὅπου ἔκειτο·
Matthew 28:7 καὶ ταχὺ πορευθεῖσαι εἴπατε τοῖς μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦ ὅτι Ἠγέρθη ἀπὸ τῶν νεκρῶν, καὶ ἰδοὺ προάγει ὑμᾶς εἰς τὴν Γαλιλαίαν, ἐκεῖ αὐτὸν ὄψεσθε· ἰδοὺ εἶπον ὑμῖν.
Matthew 28:8 καὶ ἀπελθοῦσαι ταχὺ ἀπὸ τοῦ μνημείου μετὰ φόβου καὶ χαρᾶς μεγάλης ἔδραμον ἀπαγγεῖλαι τοῖς μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦ.
Matthew 28:9 καὶ ἰδοὺ Ἰησοῦς ὑπήντησεν αὐταῖς λέγων· Χαίρετε· αἱ δὲ προσελθοῦσαι ἐκράτησαν αὐτοῦ τοὺς πόδας καὶ προσεκύνησαν αὐτῷ.
Matthew 28:10 τότε λέγει αὐταῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς· Μὴ φοβεῖσθε· ὑπάγετε ἀπαγγείλατε τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς μου ἵνα ἀπέλθωσιν εἰς τὴν Γαλιλαίαν, κἀκεῖ με ὄψονται.
Matthew 28:11 Πορευομένων δὲ αὐτῶν ἰδού τινες τῆς κουστωδίας ἐλθόντες εἰς τὴν πόλιν ἀπήγγειλαν τοῖς ἀρχιερεῦσιν ἅπαντα τὰ γενόμενα.
Matthew 28:12 καὶ συναχθέντες μετὰ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων συμβούλιόν τε λαβόντες ἀργύρια ἱκανὰ ἔδωκαν τοῖς στρατιώταις
Matthew 28:13 λέγοντες· Εἴπατε ὅτι Οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ νυκτὸς ἐλθόντες ἔκλεψαν αὐτὸν ἡμῶν κοιμωμένων·
Matthew 28:14 καὶ ἐὰν ἀκουσθῇ τοῦτο ἐπὶ τοῦ ἡγεμόνος, ἡμεῖς πείσομεν αὐτὸν καὶ ὑμᾶς ἀμερίμνους ποιήσομεν.
Matthew 28:15 οἱ δὲ λαβόντες τὰ ἀργύρια ἐποίησαν ὡς ἐδιδάχθησαν. Καὶ διεφημίσθη ὁ λόγος οὗτος παρὰ Ἰουδαίοις μέχρι τῆς σήμερον ἡμέρας.
Matthew 28:16
Οἱ δὲ ἕνδεκα μαθηταὶ ἐπορεύθησαν εἰς τὴν Γαλιλαίαν εἰς τὸ ὄρος οὗ ἐτάξατο αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς,
Paraphrase:
Comments:
Matthew 28:17
καὶ ἰδόντες αὐτὸν προσεκύνησαν, οἱ δὲ ἐδίστασαν.
Paraphrase:
Comments:
Matthew 28:18
καὶ προσελθὼν ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἐλάλησεν αὐτοῖς λέγων· Ἐδόθη μοι πᾶσα ἐξουσία ἐν οὐρανῷ καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς·
and Jesus coming, said to them saying, “All authority in heaven and on earth is given to Me.
Paraphrase: Finally, Jesus arrived and gathered His disciples together. “Listen,” He said, “My time with you is coming to an end. You know that from the very beginning of My ministry, I have announced to you the inauguration of My kingdom. (Mark 1:15) This is the kingdom which My Father gave My by covenant (Luke 22:29) long before this world was ever created. (Titus 1:2) He turned over all His authority to Me and commissioned Me to save His people. (John 6:39-40)
Comments:
Watson (p560) distinguishes between Christ’s kingdom of providence and Christ’s kingdom of grace a critical distinction for understanding the “authority” here. See also Schmid p388.
Matthew 28:19
πορευθέντες οὖν μαθητεύσατε πάντα τὰ ἔθνη, βαπτίζοντες αὐτοὺς εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ καὶ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος,
Therefore, going, disciple all the nations, baptizing them into the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit.
Paraphrase: Now as God’s plenipotentiary, I commission you to carry on this mission which I began. (John 20:21) Go into every corner of the earth; throw open the doors of My kingdom to every man and woman, rich or poor, old and young, Jew or Gentile. Tell them that God is reconciled to them through My death. (2 Corinthians 5:18-19) Shout from the housetops the good news that their sins no longer stand in the way of them returning to God! Announce to the poor, the lame, the brokenhearted, and the untouchables that there is room in My house for them. (Isaiah 61:1) Tell the Eunuchs and all who place themselves outside that there is a place for them too; in fact, I will make them pillars in My temple. (Revelation 3:12) Announce far and wide that no one will be turned away. (John 6:37) God will give to them an everlasting name that can never be taken from them. (Isaiah 56:5; Revelation 2:17; 3:12) Then, when any person turns from their sin and trusts in Jesus for forgiveness, make a visible display of My love to them by washing their bodies with water as you have seen done so many times. (Leviticus 14; Numbers 19) Just as circumcision was previously (Deuteronomy 10:16; 30:6), so this purification ritual will be an outward, visible sign of an inward, spiritual reality (Luke 3:16) which the Holy Spirit will work in the souls of all those who put their trust in Me.”
Comments:
France on this verse notes that baptism in the Name of implies allegiance to. Lightfoot calls (p175) it a “proselyte sacrament.” Clarke has a sermon on this where he argues that being baptized into the name of anyone means becoming a disciple of that person.
Studying the three participles here (two here and one in the following verse) is a rewarding study.
- Are the participles to be understood as means? Disciple the nations by means of going, baptizing, teaching…
- or manner: Disciple the nations in this way or manner; i.e. going, baptizing, teaching…
- or perhaps πορευθέντες is an attendant circumstance? and the last two participles are result: Go, disciple the nations with the result that they will be baptized and taught…
Matthew 28:20
διδάσκοντες αὐτοὺς τηρεῖν πάντα ὅσα ἐνετειλάμην ὑμῖν· καὶ ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ μεθ’ ὑμῶν εἰμι πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας ἕως τῆς συντελείας τοῦ αἰῶνος.
teaching them to keep all what I have commanded you; and behold, I am with you all days until the completion of the age.
Paraphrase: Continue this process of discipling by teaching these new converts all the things which I have taught you. Yes, it is true that you will face many hardships as you carry out this mission, (John 16:33) but don’t be afraid. I will never abandon you in this mission. What you are doing on earth, you can be sure I am overseeing and administering in heaven. Eventually, the day will come when we will hand back the keys of the kingdom to our Father. (1 Corinthians 15:24) Until then, be assured of this; I am with you every step of the way. I will never abandon you or leave you to yourself. (Hebrews 13:5) I am right here.
Comments:
The disciples are to be taught. They do not become disciples after a process of teaching. Lightfoot (p175): “Discipling” was not of persons already taught; but to that end, that they should be taught.