Aorist:
- is the default form to show past time;
- verbs have an undefined aspect;
- verbs always take an augment.
- verbs are further distinguished into first aorists and second aorists.
To build an aorist verb you need an:
augment + verb stem + tense formative + verb ending.
Here are the first aorist forms (see BBG chapter 23):
Aorist Indicative:
| Person | Active Voice | Middle Voice | Passive Voice |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Singular | ἔλυσα | ἐλυσάμην | ἐλύθην |
| 2nd Singular | ἔλυσας | ἐλύσω | ἐλύθης |
| 3rd Singular | ἔλυσε(ν) | ἐλύσατο | ἐλύθη |
| 1st Plural | ἐλύσαμεν | ἐλυσάμεθα | ἐλύθημεν |
| 2nd Plural | ἐλύσατε | ἐλύσασθε | ἐλύθητε |
| 3rd Plural | ἔλυσαν | ἐλύσαντο | ἐλύθησαν |
Aorist Imperative:
| Person | Active Imperative | Middle Imperative | Passive Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Singular | — | — | — |
| 2nd Singular | λῦσον | λῦσαι | λύθητι |
| 3rd Singular | λυσάτω | λυσάσθω | λυθήτω |
| 1st Plural | — | — | — |
| 2nd Plural | λύσατε | λύσασθε | λύθητε |
| 3rd Plural | λυσάτωσαν | λυσάσθωσαν | λυθήτωσαν |
Aorist Subjunctive:
| Person | Active Subjunctive | Middle Subjunctive | Passive Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Singular | λύσω | λύσωμαι | λυθῶ |
| 2nd Singular | λύσῃς | λύσῃ | λυθῇς |
| 3rd Singular | λύσῃ | λύσηται | λυθῇ |
| 1st Plural | λύσωμεν | λυσώμεθα | λυθῶμεν |
| 2nd Plural | λύσητε | λύσησθε | λυθῆτε |
| 3rd Plural | λύσωσι(ν) | λύσωνται | λυθῶσι(ν) |
See also the aorist passive and a gnomic aorist.